Build Plate Adhesion Types

Why Build Plate Adhesion Matters

When working with 3D printing, one of the first challenges you encounter is how well your print sticks to the build surface. Poor adhesion can lead to warping, shifting, or failed prints, while good adhesion ensures a stable foundation for the entire model. There are several types, each suited to different materials, models, and printer setups. Understanding how they work will help you improve print quality and avoid common issues.

Every print starts with the first layer. If that layer does not bond properly to the surface, the rest of the print is compromised. A strong connection between the print and the bed keeps the model in place during movement, prevents curling, and reduces the risk of wasted material. Different filaments—such as PLA, PETG, or ABS—also have their own tendencies, which means the correct adhesion type can make a big difference in successful printing.

The Main Types of Adhesion

Brim

A brim is a flat extension of the first few layers that spreads outward from the base of the model. It adds surface area without affecting the object itself. Brims are often used with materials that are prone to warping, like ABS, since the extended edges anchor the print. After the print is finished, the brim can be trimmed or peeled away easily.

Raft

A raft creates an entire platform underneath the model. The printer lays down several layers before starting the actual object, forming a sturdy base. This method is useful when printing on surfaces where adhesion is difficult, or when the bottom of the model needs to be very flat. Rafts can also compensate for uneven build plates, but they add extra print time and use more filament.

Skirt

A skirt is not directly connected to the model, but it prints a line or two around it at the start of the job. While skirts do not improve adhesion directly, they help prime the nozzle and reveal any leveling issues. They are a quick way to make sure the extrusion is consistent before moving on to the actual part.

Adhesive Aids

In addition to structural methods like brims and rafts, external aids can improve adhesion. Applying glue sticks, sprays, or special sheets can make the first layer stick more firmly. Different solutions work better with different filaments—for example, glue is often used for ABS, while PETG adheres well to PEI sheets.

Choosing the Right Method

Selecting the correct adhesion type depends on the material, the geometry of the print, and the condition of your build plate.

• PLA generally prints well with minimal adhesion, often only needing a skirt or sometimes a small brim.
• PETG has strong natural stickiness, so it usually requires less assistance but benefits from a light brim to avoid edge lifting.
• ABS often requires either a brim or a raft, since it is prone to warping as it cools.

If you are dealing with tall, narrow objects, a raft might be the safest choice. For wider objects with edges that tend to curl, a brim is usually enough. When you just want to prime the nozzle and check flow, a skirt works fine.

Practical Tips

• Always start with a clean build plate. Dust, oils, or leftover filament can reduce adhesion.
• Check your bed leveling regularly. Even small uneven spots can cause parts of the print not to stick.
• Adjust first-layer settings in your slicer. Printing a little slower and slightly hotter for the first layer improves results.
• Consider the removal process. While stronger adhesion prevents warping, you also want to be able to remove the finished model without damaging the surface.

By experimenting with different types, you'll quickly learn what works best for each filament and model.

Conclusion

Adhesion plays a central role in ensuring successful 3D prints. Brims, rafts, and skirts each have their place, and combining them with proper bed preparation leads to consistent results. The right choice reduces failed prints, saves time, and improves the overall finish of your projects.

At 3D Trček, we provide high-quality materials and expert advice to help you get the most from your 3D printing setup. Explore our range of filaments and accessories to make your printing process smoother and more reliable.